Headache is extremely common. Migraine, tension-type headache, lack of sleep, stress and many other factors can cause it. A headache alone therefore rarely indicates a brain tumor.
What Do the Figures Show?
Scientific studies show an important distinction: headache is present in approximately 48–71% of patients found to have a brain tumor; but among people who consult a doctor because of headache, the likelihood of a brain tumor being found is very low.
Which Headaches Warrant Closer Assessment?
Detailed assessment should be undertaken in the following circumstances:
- a headache that is new and is becoming progressively more severe;
- a marked change in the character of the headache;
- weakness in an arm or a leg;
- disturbance of speech or vision;
- seizures;
- a change in personality or behavior;
- alteration of consciousness;
- unexplained vomiting.
The NICE guidelines note that such findings may call for further investigation or specialist assessment.
Other Symptoms of Brain Tumors
Depending on their site, brain tumors may present with a range of symptoms: epileptic seizures, difficulty with balance, forgetfulness, or disturbance of vision or speech. The diagnosis therefore cannot be made from the character of the headache alone.
Is an MRI Needed for Every Headache?
No. The type of headache, how long it has been present, the accompanying symptoms and the neurological examination are assessed together. Whether imaging is required is decided on the basis of that assessment.
In Summary
A headache does not by itself mean that you have a brain tumor. A headache that is new, progressively worsening, or accompanied by neurological symptoms should nonetheless not be ignored.
For detailed information on the diagnosis, treatment options and surgical approach in brain tumors, see the Brain Tumors page.
References
- NICE — Headaches in Over 12s Guideline
- Chu et al., Headache in Brain Tumors, 2024